A pencil portrait drawing from life starts with the “striking” of the arabesque. Striking the arabesque means drawing the outer circumference of the head with the correct proportions, shape, and the appropriate symmetry.
Once you have drawn a reasonably accurate arabesque it is time to place the main landmarks of the head. That means that we will correctly locate the most important points of the head. These points will then be used as references for mapping out the rest of theheadfeatures.
Here is something that may help you with this undertaking: work with your eyes somewhat out-of-focus. This is called looking with a “soft eye”. Somehow this makes it easier to correctly determine shapes and proportions. It also helps you to repress the fixed notions we all have of certain objects.
Let us assume that we are working from a 3/4 head profile.
* The Brow Ridge – is the first critical landmark. To locate the brow ridge you must first take your best guess at where you think it is then to check it by sighting.
Note that to educate your eye it is better to first guess lengths, angles, etc. and verify them second. There is nothing to gain from pre-measuring.
Sighting means to use your pencil with locked arm and marking distances along the pencil with your thumb and index finger (starting from the tip down) and one eye closed.
So then, first sight from the bottom of the chin to a point on the brow ridge (just choose an arbitrary critical point on the ridge, but once chosen you should stick with it).
Now raise your pencil straight up so that your thumb is on your point on the brow ridge and note where your pencil point is. It should be a small distance above the top of the head . Mark on your drawing where you can best place that point above the head. This point is called the “check point”.
Note that whenever there is a choice, you should always measure the smallest length because doing so tends to be more accurate.
Your point on the brow ridge should, if it was placed accurately, be exactly halfway between the bottom of the chin and your check point. If it isn’t – then changecorrect the position of your brow ridge.
* Hinge of the Jaw – Now you can fix the width of the face. In the 3/4 view the hinge of the jaw is a critical landmark. Again, take your best guess then check by sighting horizontally from the hinge of the jaw to the far edge of the cheek bone and vertically relating that measure from the bottom of the chin.
* Top Nasal Bone – Since we have already established the brow ridge we now only have to estimate a small distance to fix the top of the nasal bone. If you placed the hinge of the jawcorrectly, it should equal the measure from bottom of the chin to the nasal bone. If you’re off a bit, then correct the placement of the hinge of the jaw. Again, assume that the shortest distance estimated is the correct one.
Now that these primarylandmarks are placed you can further work out the arabesque. I find it best to resolve only the back, least intricate, part of the face at this early stage.
* Facial Angle – Finally, you need to draw the facial angle which is the center line of the face. Draw a slightly arching line from the middle of the mental tubercle up through the center of the brow ridge.
The accurate positioning of the facial angle is very important. You have to feel your way through this since as there is no way to accurately measure it.
Once the facial angle is drawn continue resolving the arabesque carefully observing the form of the mouth area, the forehead, and all the other features that are expressed in the shape of the arabesque.
With this, we have ascertained all the basic landmarks that will help us to chart the rest of the features such as the ears and teeth.
Do you want to learn the secrets of pencil portrait drawing? Download my brand new free pencil portrait drawing course here: Free Pencil Portrait Drawing Course.
Remi Engels is a pencil portrait artist and oil painter and expert drawing teacher. See his work at Remi’s Arts.
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Often when selecting trendy free tattoo designs, many people eventually become dissatisfied later. Perhaps they believed a picture would be permanently appealing, or they were persuaded by friends to get tattooed with a design they weren’t crazy about. There are thousands of people wearing generic tattoos, fairies, dragons, and cartoon characters because of the design’s popularity at the time. If a tattoo has no meaning to the wearer, it can become unattractive to that person, which leads to tattoo removal. Choosing the right type of free tattoo designs can be a difficult decision when based on what the person really likes instead of being based on a whim, so be sure to leave enough time to make a careful decision.
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A tattoo is a marking on the skin made by inserting ink into the layers of skin. In humans, tattoos are used mainly for decorative purposes and is used chiefly for identification in animals. The first tattoo was created by accident, a person had a small wound, he rubbed the wound with ashes from a fire. Then he saw that the mark stayed permanently.
The word tattoo is borrowed from “Polynesian” and means “to mark” or “strike twice”. The syllable “Ta” means “hand” (used twice for repetitive nature of action) and “u” means “Color”. “Tebori” is the traditional hand method. “Irezumi” means “insert ink” or western style machine or tattoo using tebori.
How is a tattoo marked on the skin?
Making a tattoo involves placing pigment into the skin’s “dermis” that is, the layer of tissue underlying the “epidermis”. The ink is then dispersed throughout a “Homogenized Layer” down through the epidermis and upper dermis, where the presence of foreign material activates the “immune system” to attend to the particles. Preceding this the damaged epidermis flakes away and, “granulation tissues” are formed deeper in the skin. These tissue is later converted into connective tissue. The presence of pigment is permanently created. Those people whose skin is sensitive or allergic to metals may react to pigment. They may have swelling or itching of their skin.
Tattoos serve the following purposes:
Decorative and spiritual uses
Historically in some societies, tattoos served as marks of status, symbols of religion, sexual lures, pledges of love, punishment, protection and as the mark of outcasts, slaves and convicts. But today tattoos are more likely to be used for cosmetic purposes, religious, magical, memories or as a sign of belonging to particular groups and gangs.
Identification
Many times tattoos are used for identification reasons. Sometimes people are forced to have a tattoo, such as in many military organisations members have tags or tattoos on their chest. Tattoos are also placed on animals for identification such as a serial number.
Cosmetic
Tattoo is also be used for cosmetics purposes, such as hiding skin discoloration or for hiding moles and for permanent makeup like lips( lipstick), eyes(liner) or to enhance eyebrows.
Medical
In medicine, tattoos are used to convey the medical information like blood group etc about the particular person. Tattoos are used to ensure that the instruments are properly located for “radiotherapy”.
How tattoos are negatively associated?
Some Japanese gymnasiums and bathhouses avoid having “Yakuza” i.e. the full body tattoo. Many prisoners and criminals have tattoos like “Tear Tattoos” which is a symbol of murder. Tattoos can have negative effects on women like adolescent girls have a positive correlation between negative feelings towards the body and self-esteem and body-modification. However, in Central American countries such as “E1 Salvador” and “Honduras”, people with tattoos can be arrested for gang affiliation.
Removing Tattoos
Traditionally getting a tattoo meant having a permanent marking on your skin.
Latest advances in technology now makes it possible for tattoos to be removed by exposing the tattoo to laser light. Tattoo removal will break the ink from the pigment and that ink will then be absorbed by the skin and the tattoo will be removed.
Tattoo Care
After having a new tattoo you have to take care of your skin. The tattoo should be wrapped for the first twenty four hours, or you have to keep bandages for the next two hours. For the first two weeks you have to avoid hot water or soaking in a tub, just to keep part of the tattoo ink from over-hydration and infection because of bacteria and chlorine exposure. You have to keep your tattoo clean. Various products are there to keep clean the tattoo like “Cocoa Butter”, “Salves” and “Lanoline”.
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